Mast cells (MCs) are important innate immune cells mediating immune cell recruitment and antimicrobial defense. They originate from hematopoietic precursors and specifically differentiate to mature and functional MCs in the destination tissue such as skin, mucosa and intestine with characteristic oxygen levels below 7% (Carreau et al., 2011). To differentiate MCs and to study their immune cell function, atmospheric oxygen conditions (20-21% O2) are traditionally used in cell culture although the physiological oxygen conditions in vivo in tissues are significant lower. Since until now only little is known about the impact of physiological oxygen conditions (physioxia) on the viability, differentiation process, and the antimicrobial activity of immune cells like mast cells (MCs), this study aims to characterize the differentiation of immature murine bone marrow-derived MCs under physiological oxygen conditions (7% O2; 53 mmHg).
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